Singapore · Regional expansion
How ASEAN moved certificates of origin to the Single Window
ASEAN began full electronic Form D exchange among ten members in December 2019. On 1 January 2024 it moved to full electronic issuance and acceptance through the Single Window, with paper forms reserved for technical problems.
Sources checked
- October 2003ASEAN leaders agree to Single Window
Agreement recorded at the Ninth ASEAN Summit Source 1
- December 2019Full electronic Form D exchange begins
Ten participating ASEAN member states Source 2
- 2019Electronic certificates of origin exchanged
About 489,000 in the ASEAN Investment Report chart Source 1
- 2021Customs declaration exchange begins in five members
Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore and Thailand Source 2
- 2022Electronic certificates of origin exchanged
About 1.185 million in the same chart Source 1
- 1 January 2024Full electronic Form D implementation
Paper retained for technical problems Source 3
The 2019 rollout and 2024 full implementation refer to different changes.
National systems exchange documents through a regional network
The ASEAN Investment Report describes a system linked to each member's national window. The network carries trade records between authorities. Form D is the preferential origin certificate used under the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement. Source 1 Source 2
Exchange participation preceded the change in default format
The follow-up report says all ten members had begun full e-Form D exchange in December 2019. The January 2024 announcement went further by making electronic issuance and acceptance the regular channel. It retained paper for technical issues. Source 2 Source 3
A second document expanded the network's scope
The customs declaration document had its own rollout. The follow-up report lists Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore and Thailand starting that exchange in 2021. The statement concerns a different record from Form D. Source 2
Document counts show use of the system
The investment report charts roughly 489,000 electronic certificates of origin in 2019 and 1.185 million in 2022. These totals are counts of documents exchanged. They do not represent the value of goods traded or a count of firms using the network. Source 1